Navigating Climate Change and Food Security in South Asia: Challenges and Strategic Approaches

Dr. Afshan  Aziz

Authors

Dr. Afshan Aziz Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Author

Keywords:

Food Security, Agriculture, Natural Disasters, Adaptation Strategies, Policy Analysis, Socio-Economic Disparities

Abstract

This study examines the impact of climate change on food security in South Asia, focusing on agricultural vulnerabilities, socio-economic disparities, and policy responses. South Asia, home to 25% of the global population, faces rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and glacial retreat, reducing staple crop yields by 6-10%. Natural disasters, such as Pakistan’s 2022 floods, have worsened food insecurity, affecting over 809 million people. This study utilizes both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the impact of climate change on food security in South Asia. The quantitative analysis is based on secondary data obtained from international organizations such as FAO, World Bank, and ICIMOD, applying statistical tools to examine trends in climate patterns, agricultural yields, and food security indicators. The qualitative analysis involves policy evaluations and case studies to assess socio-economic disparities and adaptation challenges. Findings reveal significant declines in wheat and rice yields, increased food insecurity, and policy gaps. Regional frameworks like the SAARC Food Bank remain underutilized due to geopolitical and operational challenges. To address these issues, the study recommends adopting climate-resilient crops, improving irrigation systems, strengthening regional cooperation, and empowering marginalized groups to enhance food security and sustainable development.

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